Copyright Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For permissions please email: journals. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Western blotting Samples were prepared from Langendorff-perfused intact mouse hearts, and then instantly frozen in liquid nitrogen.
Results 3. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Clinical significance Although the clinical use of CGs has declined in recent years, digoxin is still in the top most prescribed medications and is widely employed accounting for 20 million drug prescriptions annually in the USA.
Supplementary material Supplementary material is available at Cardiovascular Research online. Supplementary Material Supplementary Data: Click here to view. Acknowledgments Conflict of interest: none declared. References 1. Digitalis: new actions for an old drug. Digitalis Investigation Group.
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The exact mechanism of action of these drugs has remained an enigma. Ouabain has become the standard tool to investigate the mode of action of cardiotonic steroids, and results with ouabain are regarded as generally valid for all cardiac glycosides. However, there are marked differences between the effects of ouabain and digitalis glycosides. Ouabain has a different therapeutic profile from digitalis derivatives. Unlike digitalis glycosides, ouabain has a fast onset of action and stimulates myocardial metabolism.
Ouabain and digitalis derivatives develop their effects in different cellular spaces.
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